Effects of sludge characteristics on electrical resistance and energy consumption during electro-dewatering process

The increase of electrical resistance (ER) and energy consumption (EC) during the later stage of dewatering is a major problem hindering the development of electro-dewatering (EDW) technology. As the variations of sludge characteristics are significant during the EDW process, the relationships between sludge characteristics and ER and EC during EDW remain unclear. In this study, the effects of moisture content (MC), thickness, pH, conductivity, zeta potential, temperature, and gas volume on the ER and EC during the EDW process were statistically investigated using correlation and multiple linear regression analyses. Herein, the results showed that the ER of the sludge near the anode was primarily affected by pH, whereas the sludge near the cathode was primarily affected by the MC and conductivity. Further, sludge temperature and conductivity were the most reliable indicators to predict the EC near the anode and cathode, respectively. The results of this study provide theoretical guidance useful for solving the increase of ER and EC during the later stage of the EDW process.     

复合填料热传导过程数值模拟

复合填料由废铸砂、粉煤灰、聚苯乙烯(EPS)颗粒、水泥和水按一定质量比例混合制成,具有低导热性、抗冻胀和轻质特性。根据热阻力法则和比等效导热系数相等法则,将材料视为由大量正方形单元体组成,其中心为一个球形EPS颗粒,这种单元体与总体的导热系数相等。运用AN SY S软件对复合填料单元体的传热过程进行了有限元模拟,根据瞬态法导热系数测试原理,推求不同EPS掺入比情况下的复合填料导热系数,分析EPS颗粒与导热系数的关系,发现材料导热系数随着EPS掺入比的增加而快速降低。将材料导热系数数值模拟与实测结果作比较,发现有限元模拟值与实测值接近,说明采用有限元方法可以实现对材料传热过程的模拟。     

离子色谱法-抑制型电导检测城市污水中的高氯酸根

利用离子色谱法-抑制型电导检测了城市污水中的持久污染物高氯酸根,以IonPac AS20高容量强亲水阴离子交换柱分离,NaOH流动相等度淋洗,高氯酸根在12min内出峰。高氯酸根在0.01~50 mg/L内具有良好的线性,相关系数为0.9998,50μl进样时检出限可达到3μg/L。方法可用于多种城市污水中高氯酸根的监测,样品测定的标准相对偏差在0.60%~0.94%之间,加标回收率在97.3%~105.8%之间,具有较好的准确性和重现性。     

非膨胀型防火涂料的等效热传导系数及其试验方法

热传导系数是表征非膨胀型防火涂料隔热性能最重要的参数,也是进行钢构件升温计算所必需的参数。非膨胀型防火涂料的热传导系数随温度升高有较大变化,采用常温下的热传导系数来计算钢构件在火灾下的温度将导致较大的误差。从工程应用角度,热传导系数采用一个常数可极大地简化计算,因此本文提出了等效热传导系数的概念及其试验方法。该方法基于非膨胀型防火涂料保护钢构件标准耐火试验,可综合反映涂料在火灾下的实际性能。试验与理论计算的对比表明,采用等效热传导系数可相当精确地模拟非膨胀型防火涂料保护钢构件在火灾下的升温。     

湿热老化后膨胀型钢结构防火涂层导热系数数值计算

通过对已有多孔材料导热系数计算模型的总结和分析,提出了湿热老化后膨胀型钢结构防火涂层导热系数的计算模型。为考察该模型的计算精度,进行了湿热老化试验及隔热性能试验,测量涂层膨胀倍率、炭化层泡孔尺寸和钢板温度等数据。结果显示,湿热老化后炭化层泡孔尺寸增大导致涂层导热系数增大,隔热性能下降,钢板温度上升。利用本文试验测量数据(泡孔尺寸)计算炭化层导热系数,再根据炭化层导热系数的数值计算结果分析钢板温度,并将钢板温度的计算结果与试验结果进行对比,两者吻合良好,验证了膨胀型防火涂层导热系数计算模型的适用性。